The fundamental difference between the ELSA technology and other ion exchange technologies, is that the ELSA technology can directly produce a metal. Ion exchange technologies extract contained metals, but do not produce metal, hence they need to be combined with another hydro metallurgical process (often EW) which substantially increases the investment required, complicates the operations and generally lengthens the payback process.
Indeed our Ion Exchange is one that allows for the ion to become metal as part of the process, and not to be trapped into a resin, which then needs to be cleaned and for the solution from that resin to go through an electrolysis process.